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Australia’s Indigenous population estimated at 2.2m before ‘demographic catastrophe’ of colonisation
Study finds earlier numbers were underestimated, suggesting impact of diseases and massacres were much greater than previously thoughtGet our breaking news email, free app or daily news podcastThe number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia before colonisation was dramatically underestimated, according to new research that suggests many more of them were killed.Modelling by
Published Tuesday, 15 September 2026 at 09:00

Study finds earlier numbers were underestimated, suggesting impact of diseases and massacres were much greater than previously thoughtGet our breaking news email, free app or daily news podcastThe number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia before colonisation was dramatically underestimated, according to new research that suggests many more of them were killed.Modelling by a national research group puts the population levels before the 1788 first fleet arrived at 2.2 million, compared with early estimates of 250,000 people. Continue reading...
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